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KMID : 0365220150520010087
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Korean Journal of Public Health
2015 Volume.52 No. 1 p.87 ~ p.94
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Cancer-selective Mechanisms of Oncolytic Viruses
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Cho Myeong-Ji
Son Hyeon-S.
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Abstract
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Viruses that can be used for the treatment of cancer are referred to as oncolytic viruses. These viruses selectively infect cancer cells and induce cell death through a process of viral replication, proliferation, and budding. Diverse oncolytic viruses exist, and the genetic mechanisms of their cancer-selective killing strategies vary with the genetic diversity of each virus. Therefore, accurate information on viral genes and an understanding of cancer-selective killing mechanisms are required to study the treatment of cancer using oncolytic viruses. These require the storage and utilization of large amounts of data related to oncolytic viruses and cancer and studies based on enormous data sets using computer-based bioinformatics approaches. Such resources will aid in the development of novel cancer therapeutics using oncolytic viruses by providing the scientific basis for problem solving and decision making. In this study, we discuss the anti-cancer mechanisms of oncolytic viruses, classify them into four categories, and investigate the anti-cancer activities of different viruses. In addition, we evaluate the need for interdisciplinary research on oncolytic viruses by considering future research and therapy directions based on our understanding of molecular mechanisms, genetic mechanisms, and research achievements.
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KEYWORD
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Oncolytic virus, cancer-selective mechanism, oncolysis, oncolytic virotherapy, immunotherapy
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